4.5.6: Official Definition
4.X.X
[RFC3463] (Standards Track) from the The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) definition for codes that start with 4.X.X:
A persistent transient failure is one in which the message as sent is valid, but persistence of some temporary condition has caused abandonment or delay of attempts to send the message. If this code accompanies a delivery failure report, sending in the future may be successful.
X.X.6
[RFC3463] (Standards Track) from the The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) definition for codes that end with X.X.6:
This enhanced status code SHOULD be returned when the server fails the AUTH command due to the client sending a [BASE64] response which is longer than the maximum buffer size available for the currently selected SASL mechanism. This is useful for both permanent and persistent transient errors.